Adhyay 12

cāturvarṇyasya kṛtsno 'yam ukto dharmas tvayā-anaghaḥ | karmaṇāṃ phalanirvṛttiṃ śaṃsa nas tattvataḥ parām || 1 ||

sa tān uvāca dharma.ātmā maharṣīn mānavo bhṛguḥ | asya sarvasya śṛṇuta karmayogasya nirṇayam || 2 ||

śubha.aśubha.phalaṃ karma mano.vāc.deha.sambhavam | karmajā gatayo nṝṇām uttama.adhama.madhyamaḥ || 3 ||

tasya-iha trividhasya-api tryadhiṣṭhānasya dehinaḥ | daśalakṣaṇayuktasya mano vidyāt pravartakam || 4 ||

paradravyeṣv abhidhyānaṃ manasā-aniṣṭacintanam | vitathābhiniveśaś ca trividhaṃ karma mānasam || 5 ||

pāruṣyam anṛtaṃ ca-eva paiśunyaṃ ca-api sarvaśaḥ | asambaddhapralāpaś ca vāc.mayaṃ syāc caturvidham || 6 ||

adattānām upādānaṃ hiṃsā ca-eva-avidhānataḥ | paradāra.upasevā ca śārīraṃ trividhaṃ smṛtam || 7 ||

mānasaṃ manasā-eva-ayam upabhuṅkte śubha.aśubham | vācā vācā kṛtaṃ karma kāyena-eva ca kāyikam || 8 ||

śarīrajaiḥ karmadoṣair yāti sthāvaratāṃ naraḥ | vācikaiḥ pakṣi.mṛgatāṃ mānasair antyajātitām || 9 ||

vāgdaṇḍo 'tha manodaṇḍaḥ kāyadaṇḍas tathā-eva ca | yasya-ete nihitā buddhau tridaṇḍī-iti sa ucyate || 10 ||

tridaṇḍam etan nikṣipya sarvabhūteṣu mānavaḥ | kāma.krodhau tu saṃyamya tataḥ siddhiṃ niyacchati || 11 ||

yo 'sya-ātmanaḥ kārayitā taṃ kṣetrajñaṃ pracakṣate | yaḥ karoti tu karmāṇi sa bhūtātmā-ucyate budhaiḥ || 12 ||

jīvasañjño 'ntarātmā-anyaḥ sahajaḥ sarvadehinām | yena vedayate sarvaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca janmasu || 13 ||

tāv ubhau bhūtasampṛktau mahān kṣetrajña eva ca | uccāvaceṣu bhūteṣu sthitaṃ taṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhataḥ || 14 ||

a.saṅkhyā mūrtayas tasya niṣpatanti śarīrataḥ | uccāvacāni bhūtāni satataṃ ceṣṭayanti yāḥ || 15 ||

pañcabhya eva mātrābhyaḥ pretya duṣkṛtināṃ nṛṇām | śarīraṃ yātanārthīyam anyad utpadyate dhruvam || 16 ||

tena-anubhūya tā yāmīḥ śarīreṇa-iha yātanāḥ | tāsv eva bhūtamātrāsu pralīyante vibhāgaśaḥ || 17 ||

so 'nubhūya-asukha.udarkān doṣān viṣayasaṅgajān | vyapeta.kalmaṣo 'bhyeti tāv eva-ubhau mahā.ojasau || 18 ||

tau dharmaṃ paśyatas tasya pāpaṃ ca-atandritau saha | yābhyāṃ prāpnoti sampṛktaḥ pretya-iha ca sukha.asukham || 19 ||

yady ācarati dharmaṃ sa prāyaśo 'dharmam alpaśaḥ | tair eva ca-āvṛto bhūtaiḥ svarge sukham upāśnute || 20 ||

yadi tu prāyaśo 'dharmaṃ sevate dharmam alpaśaḥ | tair bhūtaiḥ sa parityakto yāmīḥ prāpnoti yātanāḥ || 21 ||

yāmīs tā yātanāḥ prāpya sa jīvo vīta.kalmaṣaḥ | tāny eva pañca bhūtāni punar apyeti bhāgaśaḥ || 22 ||

etā dṛṣṭvā-asya jīvasya gatīḥ svena-eva cetasā | dharmato 'dharmataś ca-eva dharme dadhyāt sadā manaḥ || 23 ||

sattvaṃ rajas tamas-ca-eva trīn vidyād ātmano guṇān | yair vyāpya-imān sthito bhāvān mahān sarvān aśeṣataḥ || 24 ||

yo yadā-eṣāṃ guṇo dehe sākalyena-atiricyate | sa tadā tadguṇaprāyaṃ taṃ karoti śarīriṇam || 25 ||

sattvaṃ jñānaṃ tamo 'jñānaṃ rāga.dveṣau rajaḥ smṛtam | etad vyāptimad eteṣāṃ sarvabhūtāśritaṃ vapuḥ || 26 ||

tatra yat prītisaṃyuktaṃ kiṃ cid ātmani lakṣayet | praśāntam iva śuddhābhaṃ sattvaṃ tad upadhārayet || 27 ||

yat tu duḥkhasamāyuktam aprītikaram ātmanaḥ | tad rajo pratīpaṃ vidyāt satataṃ hāri dehinām || 28 ||

yat tu syān mohasaṃyuktam avyaktaṃ viṣayātmakam | apratarkyam avijñeyaṃ tamas tad upadhārayet || 29 ||

trayāṇām api ca-eteṣāṃ guṇānāṃ yaḥ phala.udayaḥ | agryo madhyo jaghanyaś ca taṃ pravakṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ || 30 ||

vedābhyāsas tapo jñānaṃ śaucam indriyanigrahaḥ | dharmakriyā-ātmacintā ca sāttvikaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam || 31 ||

ārambharucitā-adhairyam asatkārya.parigrahaḥ | viṣaya.upasevā ca-ajasraṃ rājasaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam || 32 ||

lobhaḥ svapno 'dhṛtiḥ krauryaṃ nāstikyaṃ bhinnavṛttitā | yāciṣṇutā pramādaś ca tāmasaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam || 33 ||

trayāṇām api ca-eteṣāṃ guṇānāṃ triṣu tiṣṭhatām | idaṃ sāmāsikaṃ jñeyaṃ kramaśo guṇalakṣaṇam || 34 ||

yat karma kṛtvā kurvaṃś ca kariṣyaṃś ca-eva lajjati | taj jñeyaṃ viduṣā sarvaṃ tāmasaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam || 35 ||

yena-asmin karmanā loke khyātim icchati puṣkalām | na ca śocaty asampattau tad vijñeyaṃ tu rājasam || 36 ||

yat sarveṇa-icchati jñātuṃ yan na lajjati ca-ācaran | yena tuṣyati ca-ātmā-asya tat sattvaguṇalakṣaṇam || 37 ||

tamaso lakṣaṇaṃ kāmo rajasas tv artha ucyate | sattvasya lakṣaṇaṃ dharmaḥ śraiṣṭhyam eṣāṃ yathā.uttaram || 38 ||

yena yas tu guṇena-eṣāṃ saṃsarān pratipadyate | tān samāsena vakṣyāmi sarvasya-asya yathākramam || 39 ||

devatvaṃ sāttvikā yānti manuṣyatvaṃ ca rājasāḥ | tiryaktvaṃ tāmasā nityam ity eṣā trividhā gatiḥ || 40 ||

trividhā trividhā-eṣā tu vijñeyā gauṇikī gatiḥ | adhamā madhyama.agryā ca karma.vidyā.viśeṣataḥ || 41 ||

sthāvarāḥ kṛmi.kīṭāś ca matsyāḥ sarpāḥ sa.kacchapāḥ | paśavaś ca mṛgāś ca-eva jaghanyā tāmasī gatiḥ || 42 ||

hastinaś ca turaṅgāś ca śūdrā mlecchāś ca garhitāḥ | siṃhā vyāghrā varāhāś ca madhyamā tāmasī gatiḥ || 43 ||

cāraṇāś ca suparṇāś ca puruṣāś ca-eva dāmbhikāḥ | rakṣāṃsi ca piśācāś ca tāmasīṣu-uttamā gatiḥ || 44 ||

jhallā mallā naṭāś ca-eva puruṣāḥ śastra.vṛttayaḥ | dyūta.pāna.prasaktāś ca jaghanyā rājasī gatiḥ || 45 ||

rājānaḥ kṣatriyāś ca-eva rājñāṃ ca-eva purohitāḥ | vāda.yuddha.pradhānāś ca madhyamā rājasī gatiḥ || 46 ||

gandharvā guhyakā yakṣā vibudhānucarāś ca ye | tathā-eva-apsarasaḥ sarvā rājasīṣu-uttamā gatiḥ || 47 ||

tāpasā yatayo viprā ye ca vaimānikā gaṇāḥ | nakṣatrāṇi ca daityāś ca prathamā sāttvikī gatiḥ || 48 ||

yajvāna ṛṣayo devā vedā jyotīṃṣi vatsarāḥ | pitaraś ca-eva sādhyāś ca dvitīyā sāttvikī gatiḥ || 49 ||

brahmā viśvasṛjo dharmo mahān avyaktam eva ca | uttamāṃ sāttvikīm etāṃ gatim āhur manīṣiṇaḥ || 50 ||

eṣa sarvaḥ samuddiṣṭas tri.prakārasya karmaṇaḥ | trividhas trividhaḥ kṛtsnaḥ saṃsāraḥ sārvabhautikaḥ || 51 ||

indriyāṇāṃ prasaṅgena dharmasya-asevanena ca | pāpān saṃyānti saṃsārān avidvāṃso narādhamāḥ || 52 ||

yāṃ yāṃ yoniṃ tu jīvo 'yaṃ yena yena-iha karmaṇā | kramaśo yāti loke 'smiṃs tat tat sarvaṃ nibodhata || 53 ||

bahūn varṣagaṇān ghorān narakān prāpya tatkṣayāt | saṃsārān pratipadyante mahāpātakinas tv imān || 54 ||

śva.sūkara.khara.uṣṭrāṇāṃ go.'ja.avi.mṛga.pakṣiṇāṃ | caṇḍāla.pukkasānāṃ ca brahmahā yonim ṛcchati || 55 ||

kṛmi.kīṭa.pataṅgānāṃ viṣ.bhujāṃ ca-eva pakṣiṇām | hiṃsrāṇāṃ ca-eva sattvānāṃ surāpo brāhmaṇo vrajet || 56 ||

lūtā.ahi.saraṭānāṃ ca tiraścāṃ ca-ambucāriṇām | hiṃsrāṇāṃ ca piśācānāṃ steno vipraḥ sahasraśaḥ || 57 ||

tṛṇa.gulma.latānāṃ ca kravyādāṃ daṃṣṭriṇām api | krūrakarmakṛtāṃ ca-eva śataśo gurutalpagaḥ || 58 ||

hiṃsrā bhavanti kravyādāḥ kṛmayo 'medhyabhakṣiṇaḥ | parasparādinaḥ stenāḥ pretya-antyastrīniṣeviṇaḥ || 59 ||

saṃyogaṃ patitair gatvā parasya-eva ca yoṣitam | apahṛtya ca viprasvaṃ bhavati brahmarākṣasaḥ || 60 ||

maṇi.muktā.pravālāni hṛtvā lobhena mānavaḥ | vividhāṇi ca ratnāni jāyate hemakartṛṣu || 61 ||

dhānyaṃ hṛtvā bhavaty ākhuḥ kāṃsyaṃ haṃso jalaṃ plavaḥ | madhu daṃśaḥ payaḥ kāko rasaṃ śvā nakulo ghṛtam || 62 ||

māṃsaṃ gṛdhro vapāṃ madgus tailaṃ tailapakaḥ khagaḥ | cīrīvākas tu lavaṇaṃ balākā śakunir dadhi || 63 ||

kauśeyaṃ tittirir hṛtvā kṣaumaṃ hṛtvā tu darduraḥ | kārpāsatāntavaṃ krauñco godhā gāṃ vāggudo guḍam || 64 ||

chucchundariḥ śubhān gandhān patraśākaṃ tu barhiṇaḥ | śvāvit kṛtānnaṃ vividham akṛtānnaṃ tu śalyakaḥ || 65 ||

bako bhavati hṛtvā-agniṃ gṛhakārī hy upaskaram | raktāni hṛtvā vāsāṃsi jāyate jīvajīvakaḥ || 66 ||

vṛko mṛga.ibhaṃ vyāghro 'śvaṃ phala.mūlaṃ tu markaṭaḥ | strīm ṛkṣaḥ stokako vāri yānāny uṣṭraḥ paśūn ajaḥ || 67 ||

yad vā tad vā paradravyam apahṛtya balāt-naraḥ | avaśyaṃ yāti tiryaktvaṃ jagdhvā ca-eva-ahutaṃ haviḥ || 68 ||

striyo 'py etena kalpena hṛtvā doṣam avāpnuyuḥ | eteṣām eva jantūnāṃ bhāryātvam upayānti tāḥ || 69 ||

svebhyaḥ svebhyas tu karmabhyaś cyutā varṇā hy anāpadi | pāpān saṃsṛtya saṃsārān preṣyatāṃ yānti śatruṣu || 70 ||

vāntāśy ulkāmukhaḥ preto vipro dharmāt svakāc cyutaḥ | amedhya.kuṇapāśī ca kṣatriyaḥ kaṭapūtanaḥ || 71 ||

maitrākṣajyotikaḥ preto vaiśyo bhavati pūyabhuk | cailāśakaś ca bhavati śūdro dharmāt svakāc cyutaḥ || 72 ||

yathā yathā niṣevante viṣayān viṣaya.ātmakāḥ | tathā tathā kuśalatā teṣāṃ teṣu-upajāyate || 73 ||

te 'bhyāsāt karmaṇāṃ teṣāṃ pāpānām alpa.buddhayaḥ | samprāpnuvanti duḥkhāni tāsu tāsv iha yoniṣu || 74 ||

tāmisrādiṣu ca-ugreṣu narakeṣu vivartanam | asipatravanādīni bandhana.chedanāni ca || 75 ||

vividhāś ca-eva sampīḍāḥ kāka.ulūkaiś ca bhakṣaṇam | karambhavālukātāpān kumbhīpākāṃś ca dāruṇān || 76 ||

sambhavāṃś ca viyonīṣu duḥkha.prāyāsu nityaśaḥ | śīta.ātapa.abhighātāṃś ca vividhāni bhayāni ca || 77 ||

asakṛd garbhavāseṣu vāsaṃ janma ca dāruṇam | bandhanāni ca kāṣṭhāni parapreṣyatvam eva ca || 78 ||

bandhu.priya.viyogāṃś ca saṃvāsaṃ ca-eva durjanaiḥ | dravyārjanaṃ ca nāśaṃ ca mitra.amitrasya ca-arjanam || 79 ||

jarāṃ ca-eva-a.pratīkārāṃ vyādhibhiś ca-upapīḍanam | kleśāṃś ca vividhāṃs tāṃs tān mṛtyum eva ca dur.jayam || 80 ||

yādṛśena tu bhāvena yad yat karma niṣevate | tādṛśena śarīreṇa tat tat phalam upāśnute || 81 ||

eṣa sarvaḥ samuddiṣṭaḥ karmaṇāṃ vaḥ phala.udayaḥ | naiḥśreyasakaraṃ karma viprasya-idaṃ nibodhata || 82 ||

vedābhyāsas tapo jñānam indriyāṇāṃ ca saṃyamaḥ | ahiṃsā gurusevā ca niḥśreyasakaraṃ param || 83 ||

sarveṣām api ca-eteṣāṃ śubhānām iha karmaṇām | kiṃ cit-śreyaskarataraṃ karma-uktaṃ puruṣaṃ prati || 84 ||

sarveṣām api ca-eteṣām ātmajñānaṃ paraṃ smṛtam | tadd hy agryaṃ sarvavidyānāṃ prāpyate hy amṛtaṃ tataḥ || 85 ||

ṣaṇṇām eṣāṃ tu sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ pretya ca-iha ca | śreyaskarataraṃ jñeyaṃ sarvadā karma vaidikam || 86 ||

vaidike karmayoge tu sarvāṇy etāny aśeṣataḥ | antarbhavanti kramaśas tasmiṃs tasmin kriyāvidhau || 87 ||

sukhābhyudayikaṃ ca-eva naiḥśreyasikam eva ca | pravṛttaṃ ca nivṛttaṃ ca dvividhaṃ karma vaidikam || 88 ||

iha ca-amutra vā kāmyaṃ pravṛttaṃ karma kīrtyate | niṣ.kāmaṃ jñātapūrvaṃ tu nivṛttam upadiśyate || 89 ||

pravṛttaṃ karma saṃsevyaṃ devānām eti sāmyatām | nivṛttaṃ sevamānas tu bhūtāny atyeti pañca vai || 90 ||

sarvabhūteṣu ca-ātmānaṃ sarvabhūtāni ca-ātmani | samaṃ paśyann ātmayājī svārājyam adhigacchati || 91 ||

yathā.uktāny api karmāṇi parihāya dvijottamaḥ | ātmajñāne śame ca syād vedābhyāse ca yatnavān || 92 ||

etadd hi janmasāphalyaṃ brāhmaṇasya viśeṣataḥ | prāpya-etat kṛta.kṛtyo hi dvijo bhavati na-anyathā || 93 ||

pitṛ.deva.manuṣyāṇāṃ vedaś cakṣuḥ sanātanam | aśakyaṃ ca-aprameyaṃ ca vedaśāstram iti sthitiḥ || 94 ||

yā vedabāhyāḥ smṛtayo yāś ca kāś ca kudṛṣṭayaḥ | sarvās tā niṣ.phalāḥ pretya tamo.niṣṭhā hi tāḥ smṛtāḥ || 95 ||

utpadyante cyavante ca yāny ato 'nyāni kāni cit | tāny arvākkālikatayā niṣ.phalāny anṛtāni ca || 96 ||

cāturvarṇyaṃ trayo lokāś catvāraś ca-āśramāḥ pṛthak | bhūtaṃ bhavyaṃ bhaviṣyaṃ ca sarvaṃ vedāt prasidhyati || 97 ||

śabdaḥ sparśaś ca rūpaṃ ca raso gandhaś ca pañcamaḥ | vedād eva prasūyante prasūtir guṇa.karmataḥ || 98 ||

bibharti sarvabhūtāni vedaśāstraṃ sanātanam | tasmād etat paraṃ manye yat-jantor asya sādhanam || 99 ||

senāpatyaṃ ca rājyaṃ ca daṇḍanetṛtvam eva ca | sarvalokādhipatyaṃ ca vedaśāstravid arhati || 100 ||

yathā jāta.balo vahnir dahaty ārdrān api drumān | tathā dahati vedajñaḥ karmajaṃ doṣam ātmanaḥ || 101 ||

vedaśāstrārthatattvajño yatra tatra-āśrame vasan | iha-eva loke tiṣṭhan sa brahmabhūyāya kalpate || 102 ||

ajñebhyo granthinaḥ śreṣṭhā granthibhyo dhāriṇo varāḥ | dhāribhyo jñāninaḥ śreṣṭhā jñānibhyo vyavasāyinaḥ || 103 ||

tapo vidyā ca viprasya niḥśreyasakaraṃ param | tapasā kilbiṣaṃ hanti vidyayā-amṛtam aśnute || 104 ||

pratyakṣaṃ ca-anumānaṃ ca śāstraṃ ca vividhā.āgamam | trayaṃ suviditaṃ kāryaṃ dharmaśuddhim abhīpsatā || 105 ||

ārṣaṃ dharma.upadeśaṃ ca vedaśāstra.avirodhinā | yas tarkeṇa-anusandhatte sa dharmaṃ veda na-itaraḥ || 106 ||

naiḥśreyasam idaṃ karma yathā.uditam aśeṣataḥ | mānavasya-asya śāstrasya rahasyam upadiśyate || 107 ||

an.āmnāteṣu dharmeṣu kathaṃ syād iti ced bhavet | yaṃ śiṣṭā brāhmaṇā brūyuḥ sa dharmaḥ syād aśaṅkitaḥ || 108 ||

dharmeṇa-adhigato yais tu vedaḥ sa.paribṛṃhaṇaḥ | te śiṣṭā brāhmaṇā jñeyāḥ śruti.pratyakṣahetavaḥ || 109 ||

daśa.avarā vā pariṣadyaṃ dharmaṃ parikalpayet | try.avarā vā-api vṛttasthā taṃ dharmaṃ na vicālayet || 110 ||

traividyo hetukas tarkī nairukto dharmapāṭhakaḥ | trayaś ca-āśramiṇaḥ pūrve pariṣat syād daśa.avarā || 111 ||

ṛgvedavid yajurvid-ca sāmavedavid eva ca | try.avarā pariṣad-jñeyā dharmasaṃśayanirṇaye || 112 ||

eko 'pi vedavid dharmaṃ yaṃ vyavasyed dvijottamaḥ | sa vijñeyaḥ paro dharmo na-ajñānām udito 'yutaiḥ || 113 ||

a.vratānām a.mantrāṇāṃ jātimātra.upajīvinām | sahasraśaḥ sametānāṃ pariṣattvaṃ na vidyate || 114 ||

yaṃ vadanti tamobhūtā mūrkhā dharmam atadvidaḥ | tatpāpaṃ śatadhā bhūtvā tadvaktṝn anugacchati || 115 ||

etad vo 'bhihitaṃ sarvaṃ niḥśreyasakaraṃ param | asmād apracyuto vipraḥ prāpnoti paramāṃ gatim || 116 ||

evaṃ sa bhagavān devo lokānāṃ hitakāmyayā | dharmasya paramaṃ guhyaṃ mama-idaṃ sarvam uktavān || 117 ||

sarvam ātmani sampaśyet sat-ca-asat-ca samāhitaḥ | sarvaṃ hy ātmani sampaśyan na-adharme kurute manaḥ || 118 ||

ātmā-eva devatāḥ sarvāḥ sarvam ātmany avasthitam | ātmā hi janayaty eṣāṃ karmayogaṃ śarīriṇām || 119 ||

khaṃ sanniveśayet kheṣu ceṣṭana.sparśane 'nilam | pakti.dṛṣṭyoḥ paraṃ tejaḥ snehe 'po gāṃ ca mūrtiṣu || 120 ||

manasi-induṃ diśaḥ śrotre krānte viṣṇuṃ bale haram | vācy agniṃ mitram utsarge prajane ca prajāpatim || 121 ||

praśāsitāraṃ sarveṣām aṇīyāṃsam aṇor api | rukma.ābhaṃ svapnadhīgamyaṃ vidyāt taṃ puruṣaṃ param || 122 ||

etam eke vadanty agniṃ manum anye prajāpatim | indram eke pare prāṇam apare brahma śāśvatam || 123 ||

eṣa sarvāṇi bhūtāni pañcabhir vyāpya mūrtibhiḥ | janma.vṛddhi.kṣayair nityaṃ saṃsārayati cakravat || 124 ||

evaṃ yaḥ sarvabhūteṣu paśyaty ātmānam ātmanā | sa sarvasamatām etya brahma-abhyeti paraṃ padam || 125 ||

ity etan mānavaṃ śāstraṃ bhṛguproktaṃ paṭhan dvijaḥ | bhavaty ācāravān nityaṃ yathā.iṣṭāṃ prāpnuyād gatim || 126 ||