Adhyay 10

adhīyīraṃs trayo varṇāḥ svakarmasthā dvijātayaḥ | prabrūyād brāhmaṇas tv eṣāṃ na-itarāv iti niścayaḥ || 1 ||

sarveṣāṃ brāhmaṇo vidyād vṛttyupāyān yathāvidhi | prabrūyād itarebhyaś ca svayaṃ ca-eva tathā bhavet || 2 ||

vaiśeṣyāt prakṛtiśraiṣṭhyāt-niyamasya ca dhāraṇāt | saṃskārasya viśeṣāc ca varṇānāṃ brāhmaṇaḥ prabhuḥ || 3 ||

brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyas trayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ | caturtha ekajātis tu śūdro na-asti tu pañcamaḥ || 4 ||

sarvavarṇeṣu tulyāsu patnīṣv akṣata.yoniṣu | ānulomyena sambhūtā jātyā jñeyās ta eva te || 5 ||

strīṣv anantarajātāsu dvijair utpāditān sutān | sadṛśān eva tān āhur mātṛdoṣavigarhitān || 6 ||

anantarāsu jātānāṃ vidhir eṣa sanātanaḥ | dvi.ekāntarāsu jātānāṃ dharmyaṃ vidyād imaṃ vidhim || 7 ||

brāhmaṇād vaiśyakanyāyām ambaṣṭho nāma jāyate | niṣādaḥ śūdrakanyāyāṃ yaḥ pāraśava ucyate || 8 ||

kṣatriyāt-śūdrakanyāyāṃ krūrācāravihāravān | kṣatra.śūdra.vapur jantur ugro nāma prajāyate || 9 ||

viprasya triṣu varṇeṣu nṛpater varṇayor dvayoḥ | vaiśyasya varṇe ca-ekasmin ṣaḍ ete 'pasadāḥ smṛtāḥ || 10 ||

kṣatriyād viprakanyāyāṃ sūto bhavati jātitaḥ | vaiśyān māgadha.vaidehau rāja.vipra.aṅganāsutau || 11 ||

śūdrād āyogavaḥ kṣattā caṇḍālaś ca-adhamo nṛṇām | vaiśya.rājanya.viprāsu jāyante varṇasaṅkarāḥ || 12 ||

ekāntare tv ānulomyād ambaṣṭha.ugrau yathā smṛtau | kṣattṛ.vaidehakau tadvat prātilomye 'pi janmani || 13 ||

putrā ye 'nantarastrījāḥ krameṇa-uktā dvijanmanām | tān anantara.nāmnas tu mātṛdoṣāt pracakṣate || 14 ||

brāhmaṇād ugrakanyāyām āvṛto nāma jāyate | ābhīro 'mbaṣṭhakanyāyām āyogavyāṃ tu dhigvaṇaḥ || 15 ||

āyogavaś ca kṣattā ca caṇḍālaś ca-adhamo nṛṇām | prātilomyena jāyante śūdrād apasadās trayaḥ || 16 ||

vaiśyān māgadha.vaidehau kṣatriyāt sūta eva tu | pratīpam ete jāyante pare 'py apasadās trayaḥ || 17 ||

jāto niṣādāt-śūdrāyāṃ jātyā bhavati pukkasaḥ | śūdrāj jāto niṣādyāṃ tu sa vai kukkuṭakaḥ smṛtaḥ || 18 ||

kṣattur jātas tathā-ugrāyāṃ śvapāka iti kīrtyate | vaidehakena tv ambaṣṭhyām utpanno veṇa ucyate || 19 ||

dvijātayaḥ savarṇāsu janayanty a.vratāṃs tu yān | tān sāvitrīparibhraṣṭān vrātyān iti vinirdiśet || 20 ||

vrātyāt tu jāyate viprāt pāpa.ātmā bhūrjakaṇṭakaḥ| āvantya.vāṭadhānau ca puṣpadhaḥ śaikha eva ca || 21 ||

jhallo mallaś ca rājanyād vrātyāt-nicchivir eva ca | naṭaś ca karaṇaś ca-eva khaso draviḍa eva ca || 22 ||

vaiśyāt tu jāyate vrātyāt sudhanvā-ācārya eva ca | kāruṣaś ca vijanmā ca maitraḥ sātvata eva ca || 23 ||

vyabhicāreṇa varṇānām avedyāvedanena ca | svakarmaṇāṃ ca tyāgena jāyante varṇasaṅkarāḥ || 24 ||

saṅkīrṇa.yonayo ye tu pratiloma.anuloma.jāḥ | anyonyavyatiṣaktāś ca tān pravakṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ || 25 ||

sūto vaidehakaś ca-eva caṇḍālaś ca narādhamaḥ | māgadhaḥ tathā-āyogava eva ca kṣatrajātiś ca || 26 ||

ete ṣaṭ sadṛśān varṇāñ janayanti svayoniṣu | mātṛjātyāṃ prasūyante pravārāsu ca yoniṣu || 27 ||

yathā trayāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ dvayor ātmā-asya jāyate | ānantaryāt svayonyāṃ tu tathā bāhyeṣv api kramāt || 28 ||

te ca-api bāhyān subahūṃs tato 'py adhikadūṣitān | parasparasya dāreṣu janayanti vigarhitān || 29 ||

yathā-eva śūdro brāhmaṇyāṃ bāhyaṃ jantuṃ prasūyate | tathā bāhyataraṃ bāhyaś cāturvarṇye prasūyate || 30 ||

pratikūlaṃ vartamānā bāhyā bāhyatarān punaḥ | hīnā hīnān prasūyante varṇān pañcadaśa-eva tu || 31 ||

prasādhana.upacārajñam adāsaṃ dāsajīvanam | sairindhraṃ vāgurā.vṛttiṃ sūte dasyur ayogave || 32 ||

maitreyakaṃ tu vaideho mādhūkaṃ samprasūyate | nṝn praśaṃsaty ajasraṃ yo ghaṇṭātāḍo 'ruṇa.udaye || 33 ||

niṣādo mārgavaṃ sūte dāsaṃ naukarmajīvinam | kaivartam iti yaṃ prāhur āryāvartanivāsinaḥ || 34 ||

mṛtavastrabhṛtsv nārīṣu garhita.anna.aśanāsu ca | bhavanty āyogavīṣv ete jātihīnāḥ pṛthak trayaḥ || 35 ||

kārāvaro niṣādāt tu carmakāraḥ prasūyate | vaidehikād andhra.medau bahirgrāma.pratiśrayau || 36 ||

caṇḍālāt pāṇḍusopākas tvaksāravyavahāravān | āhiṇḍiko niṣādena vaidehyām eva jāyate || 37 ||

caṇḍālena tu sopāko mūlavyasanavṛttimān | pukkasyāṃ jāyate pāpaḥ sadā sajjanagarhitaḥ || 38 ||

niṣādastrī tu caṇḍālāt putram antyāvasāyinam | śmaśāna.gocaraṃ sūte bāhyānām api garhitam || 39 ||

saṅkare jātayas tv etāḥ pitṛ.mātṛ.pradarśitāḥ | prachannā vā prakāśā vā veditavyāḥ svakarmabhiḥ || 40 ||

svajātija.anantarajāḥ ṣaṭ sutā dvijadharmiṇaḥ | śūdrāṇāṃ tu sa.dharmāṇaḥ sarve 'padhvaṃsajāḥ smṛtāḥ || 41 ||

tapo.bīja.prabhāvais tu te gacchanti yuge yuge | utkarṣaṃ ca-apakarṣaṃ ca manuṣyeṣv iha janmataḥ || 42 ||

śanakais tu kriyālopād imāḥ kṣatriya.jātayaḥ | vṛṣalatvaṃ gatā loke brāhmaṇādarśanena ca || 43 ||

pauṇḍrakāś cauḍra.draviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ | pāradā.pahlavāś cīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ || 44 ||

mukha.bāhu.ūru.pad.jānāṃ yā loke jātayo bahiḥ | mleccha.vācaś ca-ārya.vācaḥ sarve te dasyavaḥ smṛtāḥ || 45 ||

ye dvijānām apasadā ye ca-apadhvaṃsajāḥ smṛtāḥ | te ninditair vartayeyur dvijānām eva karmabhiḥ || 46 ||

sūtānām aśva.sārathyam ambaṣṭhānāṃ cikitsanam | vaidehakānāṃ strīkāryaṃ māgadhānāṃ vaṇikpathaḥ || 47 ||

matsyaghāto niṣādānāṃ tvaṣṭis tv āyogavasya ca | meda.andhra.cuñcu.madgūnām āraṇyapaśuhiṃsanam || 48 ||

kṣattṛ.ugra.pukkasānāṃ tu bilaukovadha.bandhanam | dhigvaṇānāṃ carmakāryaṃ veṇānāṃ bhāṇḍavādanam || 49 ||

caityadruma.śmaśāneṣu śaileṣu-upavaneṣu ca | vaseyur ete vijñātā vartayantaḥ svakarmabhiḥ || 50 ||

caṇḍāla.śvapacānāṃ tu bahir grāmāt pratiśrayaḥ | apapātrāś ca kartavyā dhanam eṣāṃ śva.gardabham || 51 ||

vāsāṃsi mṛtacailāni bhinnabhāṇḍeṣu bhojanam | kārṣṇāyasam alaṅkāraḥ parivrajyā ca nityaśaḥ || 52 ||

na taiḥ samayam anvicchet puruṣo dharmam ācaran | vyavahāro mithas teṣāṃ vivāhaḥ sadṛśaiḥ saha || 53 ||

annam eṣāṃ parādhīnaṃ deyaṃ syād bhinnabhājane | rātrau na vicareyus te grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca || 54 ||

divā careyuḥ kāryārthaṃ cihnitā rājaśāsanaiḥ | a.bāndhavaṃ śavaṃ ca-eva nirhareyur iti sthitiḥ || 55 ||

vadhyāṃś ca hanyuḥ satataṃ yathāśāstraṃ nṛpājñayā | vadhyavāsāṃsi gṛhṇīyuḥ śayyāś ca-ābharaṇāni ca || 56 ||

varṇāpetam avijñātaṃ naraṃ kaluṣayonijam | ārya.rūpam iva-anāryaṃ karmabhiḥ svair vibhāvayet || 57 ||

anāryatā niṣṭhuratā krūratā niṣkriyātmatā | puruṣaṃ vyañjayanti-iha loke kaluṣayonijam || 58 ||

pitryaṃ vā bhajate śīlaṃ mātur vā-ubhayam eva vā | na kathaṃ cana duryoniḥ prakṛtiṃ svāṃ niyacchati || 59 ||

kule mukhye 'pi jātasya yasya syād yonisaṅkaraḥ | saṃśrayaty eva tat.śīlaṃ naro 'lpam api vā bahu || 60 ||

yatra tv ete paridhvaṃsāj jāyante varṇadūṣakāḥ | rāṣṭrikaiḥ saha tad rāṣṭraṃ kṣipram eva vinaśyati || 61 ||

brāhmaṇārthe gavārthe vā dehatyāgo 'n.upaskṛtaḥ | strī.bālābhyupapattau ca bāhyānāṃ siddhikāraṇam || 62 ||

ahiṃsā satyam asteyaṃ śaucam indriyanigrahaḥ | etaṃ sāmāsikaṃ dharmaṃ cāturvarṇye 'bravīn manuḥ || 63 ||

śūdrāyāṃ brāhmaṇāj jātaḥ śreyasā cet prajāyate | aśreyān śreyasīṃ jātiṃ gacchaty ā saptamād yugāt || 64 ||

śūdro brāhmaṇatām eti brāhmaṇaś ca-eti śūdratām | kṣatriyāj jātam evaṃ tu vidyād vaiśyāt tathā-eva ca || 65 ||

anāryāyāṃ samutpanno brāhmaṇāt tu yadṛcchayā | brāhmaṇyām apy anāryāt tu śreyastvaṃ kva-iti ced bhavet || 66 ||

jāto nāryām anāryāyām āryād āryo bhaved guṇaiḥ | jāto 'py anāryād āryāyām anārya iti niścayaḥ || 67 ||

tāv ubhāv apy asaṃskāryāv iti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ | vaiguṇyāj janmanaḥ pūrva uttaraḥ pratilomataḥ || 68 ||

subījaṃ ca-eva sukṣetre jātaṃ sampadyate yathā | tathā-āryāj jāta āryāyāṃ sarvaṃ saṃskāram arhati || 69 ||

bījam eke praśaṃsanti kṣetram anye manīṣiṇaḥ | bīja.kṣetre tathā-eva-anye tatra-iyaṃ tu vyavasthitiḥ || 70 ||

akṣetre bījam utsṛṣṭam antarā-eva vinaśyati | a.bījakam api kṣetraṃ kevalaṃ sthaṇḍilaṃ bhavet || 71 ||

yasmād bījaprabhāveṇa tiryagjā ṛṣayo 'bhavan | pūjitāś ca praśastāś ca tasmād bījaṃ praśasyate || 72 ||

anāryam ārya.karmāṇam āryaṃ ca-anāryakarmiṇam | sampradhārya-abravīd dhātā na samau na-asamāv iti || 73 ||

brāhmaṇā brahmayonisthā ye svakarmaṇy avasthitāḥ | te samyag upajīveyuḥ ṣaṭ karmāṇi yathākramam || 74 ||

adhyāpanam adhyayanaṃ yajanaṃ yājanaṃ tathā | dānaṃ pratigrahaś ca-eva ṣaṭ karmāṇy agrajanmanaḥ || 75 ||

ṣaṇṇāṃ tu karmaṇām asya trīṇi karmāṇi jīvikā | yājana.adhyāpane ca-eva viśuddhāc ca pratigrahaḥ || 76 ||

trayo dharmā nivartante brāhmaṇāt kṣatriyaṃ prati | adhyāpanaṃ yājanaṃ ca tṛtīyaś ca pratigrahaḥ || 77 ||

vaiśyaṃ prati tathā-eva-ete nivarterann iti sthitiḥ | na tau prati hi tān dharmān manur āha prajāpatiḥ || 78 ||

śastra.astrabhṛttvaṃ kṣatrasya vaṇik.paśu.kṛṣir viṣaḥ | ājīvanārthaṃ dharmas tu dānam adhyayanaṃ yajiḥ || 79 ||

vedābhyāso brāhmaṇasya kṣatriyasya ca rakṣaṇam | vārtākarma-eva vaiśyasya viśiṣṭāni svakarmasu || 80 ||

a.jīvaṃs tu yathā.uktena brāhmaṇaḥ svena karmaṇā | jīvet kṣatriyadharmeṇa sa hy asya praty anantaraḥ || 81 ||

ubhābhyām apy a.jīvaṃs tu kathaṃ syād iti ced bhavet | kṛṣi.gorakṣam āsthāya jīved vaiśyasya jīvikām || 82 ||

vaiśyavṛttyā-api jīvaṃs tu brāhmaṇaḥ ksatriyo 'pi vā | hiṃsā.prāyāṃ parādhīnāṃ kṛṣiṃ yatnena varjayet || 83 ||

kṛṣiṃ sādhu-iti manyante sā vṛttiḥ sadvigarhitāḥ | bhūmiṃ bhūmiśayāṃś ca-eva hanti kāṣṭham ayo.mukham || 84 ||

idaṃ tu vṛttivaikalyāt tyajato dharmanaipuṇaṃ | viś.paṇyam uddhṛta.uddhāraṃ vikreyaṃ vittavardhanam || 85 ||

sarvān rasān apoheta kṛtānnaṃ ca tilaiḥ saha | aśmano lavaṇaṃ ca-eva paśavo ye ca mānuṣāḥ || 86 ||

sarvaṃ ca tāntavaṃ raktaṃ śāṇa.kṣauma.āvikāni ca | api cet syur araktāni phala.mūle tathā-oṣadhīḥ || 87 ||

apaḥ śastraṃ viṣaṃ māṃsaṃ somaṃ gandhāṃś ca sarvaśaḥ | kṣīraṃ kṣaudraṃ dadhi ghṛtaṃ tailaṃ madhu guḍaṃ kuśān || 88 ||

āraṇyāṃś ca paśūn sarvān daṃṣṭriṇaś ca vayāṃsi ca | madyaṃ nīliṃ ca lākṣāṃ ca sarvāṃś ca-eka.śaphāṃs tathā || 89 ||

kāmam utpādya kṛṣyāṃ tu svayam eva kṛṣīvalaḥ | vikrīṇīta tilān-śūdrān dharmārtham acirasthitān || 90 ||

bhojana.abhyañjanād dānād yad anyat kurute tilaiḥ | kṛmibhūtaḥ śvaviṣṭhāyāṃ pitṛbhiḥ saha majjati || 91 ||

sadyaḥ patati māṃsena lākṣayā lavaṇena ca | tryaheṇa śūdro bhavati brāhmaṇaḥ kṣīravikrayāt || 92 ||

itareṣāṃ tu paṇyānāṃ vikrayād iha kāmataḥ | brāhmaṇaḥ saptarātreṇa vaiśyabhāvaṃ niyacchati || 93 ||

rasā rasair nimātavyā na tv eva lavaṇaṃ rasaiḥ | kṛtānnaṃ ca kṛtānnena tilā dhānyena tatsamāḥ || 94 ||

jīved etena rājanyaḥ sarveṇa-apy anayaṃ gataḥ | na tv eva jyāyaṃsīṃ vṛttim abhimanyeta karhi cit || 95 ||

yo lobhād adhamo jātyā jīved utkṛṣṭa.karmabhiḥ | taṃ rājā nirdhanaṃ kṛtvā kṣipram eva pravāsayet || 96 ||

varaṃ svadharmo viguṇo na pārakyaḥ svanuṣṭhitaḥ | paradharmeṇa jīvan hi sadyaḥ patati jātitaḥ || 97 ||

vaiśyo '.jīvan svadharmeṇa śūdravṛttyā-api vartayet | an.ācarann a.kāryāṇi nivarteta ca śaktimān || 98 ||

a.śaknuvaṃs tu śuśrūṣāṃ śūdraḥ kartuṃ dvijanmanām | putra.dārātyayaṃ prāpto jīvet kāruka.karmabhiḥ || 99 ||

yaiḥ karmabhiḥ pracaritaiḥ śuśrūṣyante dvijātayaḥ | tāni kāruka.karmāṇi śilpāni vividhāni ca || 100 ||

vaiśyavṛttim an.ātiṣṭhan brāhmaṇaḥ sve pathi sthitaḥ | avṛttikarṣitaḥ sīdann imaṃ dharmaṃ samācaret || 101 ||

sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyād brāhmaṇas tv anayaṃ gataḥ | pavitraṃ duṣyati-ity etad dharmato na-upapadyate || 102 ||

na-adhyāpanād yājanād vā garhitād vā pratigrahāt | doṣo bhavati viprāṇāṃ jvalana.ambu.samā hi te || 103 ||

jīvitātyayam āpanno yo 'nnam atti tatas tataḥ | ākāśam iva paṅkena na sa pāpena lipyate || 104 ||

ajīgartaḥ sutaṃ hantum upāsarpad bubhukṣitaḥ | na ca-ālipyata pāpena kṣutpratīkāram ācaran || 105 ||

śvamāṃsam icchan ārto 'ttuṃ dharma.adharmavicakṣaṇaḥ | prāṇānāṃ parirakṣārthaṃ vāmadevo na liptavān || 106 ||

bharadvājaḥ kṣudhārtas tu sa.putro vijane vane | bahvīr gāḥ pratijagrāha vṛdhos takṣṇo mahātapāḥ || 107 ||

kṣudhārtaś ca-attum abhyāgād viśvāmitraḥ śvajāghanīm | caṇḍālahastād ādāya dharma.adharmavicakṣaṇaḥ || 108 ||

pratigrahād yājanād vā tathā-eva-adhyāpanād api | pratigrahaḥ pratyavaraḥ pretya viprasya garhitaḥ || 109 ||

yājana.adhyāpane nityaṃ kriyete saṃskṛta.ātmanām | pratigrahas tu kriyate śūdrād apy antya.janmanaḥ || 110 ||

japa.homair apaity eno yājana.adhyāpanaiḥ kṛtam | pratigrahanimittaṃ tu tyāgena tapasā-eva ca || 111 ||

śila.uñcham apy ādadīta vipro '.jīvan yatas tataḥ | pratigrahāt-śilaḥ śreyāṃs tato 'py uñchaḥ praśasyate || 112 ||

sīdadbhiḥ kupyam icchadbhir dhane vā pṛthivīpatiḥ | yācyaḥ syāt snātakair viprair aditsaṃs tyāgam arhati || 113 ||

akṛtaṃ ca kṛtāt kṣetrād gaur ajāvikam eva ca | hiraṇyaṃ dhānyam annaṃ ca pūrvaṃ pūrvam adoṣavat || 114 ||

sapta vittāgamā dharmyā dāyo lābhaḥ krayo jayaḥ | prayogaḥ karmayogaś ca satpratigraha eva ca || 115 ||

vidyā śilpaṃ bhṛtiḥ sevā gorakṣyaṃ vipaṇiḥ kṛṣiḥ | dhṛtir bhaikṣaṃ kusīdaṃ ca daśa jīvanahetavaḥ || 116 ||

brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vā-api vṛddhiṃ na-eva prayojayet | kāmaṃ tu khalu dharmārthaṃ dadyāt pāpīyase 'lpikām || 117 ||

caturtham ādadāno 'pi kṣatriyo bhāgam āpadi | prajā rakṣan paraṃ śaktyā kilbiṣāt pratimucyate || 118 ||

svadharmo vijayas tasya na-āhave syāt parāṅ.mukhaḥ | śastreṇa vaiśyān rakṣitvā dharmyam āhārayed balim || 119 ||

dhānye 'ṣṭamaṃ viśāṃ śulkaṃ viṃśaṃ kārṣāpaṇa.avaram | karma.upakaraṇāḥ śūdrāḥ kāravaḥ śilpinas tathā || 120 ||

śūdras tu vṛttim ākāṅkṣan kṣatram ārādhayed yadi | dhaninaṃ vā-apy upārādhya vaiśyaṃ śūdro jijīviṣet || 121 ||

svargārtham ubhayārthaṃ vā viprān ārādhayet tu saḥ | jātabrāhmaṇa.śabdasya sā hy asya kṛtakṛtyatā || 122 ||

viprasevā-eva śūdrasya viśiṣṭaṃ karma kīrtyate | yad ato 'nyadd hi kurute tad bhavaty asya niṣphalam || 123 ||

prakalpyā tasya tair vṛttiḥ svakuṭumbād yathārhataḥ | śaktiṃ ca-avekṣya dākṣyaṃ ca bhṛtyānāṃ ca parigraham || 124 ||

ucchiṣṭam annaṃ dātavyaṃ jīrṇāni vasanāni ca | pulākāś ca-eva dhānyānāṃ jīrṇāś ca-eva paricchadāḥ || 125 ||

na śūdre pātakaṃ kiṃ cin na ca saṃskāram arhati | na-asya-adhikāro dharme 'sti na dharmāt pratiṣedhanam || 126 ||

dharma.ipsavas tu dharmajñāḥ satāṃ vṛttam anuṣṭhitāḥ | mantravarjyaṃ na duṣyanti praśaṃsāṃ prāpnuvanti ca || 127 ||

yathā yathā hi sadvṛttam ātiṣṭhaty anasūyakaḥ | tathā tathā-imaṃ ca-amuṃ ca lokaṃ prāpnoty aninditaḥ || 128 ||

śaktena-api hi śūdreṇa na kāryo dhanasañcayaḥ | śūdro hi dhanam āsādya brāhmaṇān eva bādhate || 129 ||

ete caturṇāṃ varṇānām āpaddharmāḥ prakīrtitāḥ | yān samyag anutiṣṭhanto vrajanti paramaṃ gatim || 130 ||

eṣa dharmavidhiḥ kṛtsnaś cāturvarṇyasya kīrtitaḥ | ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi prāyaścittavidhiṃ śubham || 131 ||