Adhyay 1

manum ekāgram āsīnam abhigamya maharṣayaḥ | pratipūjya yathānyāyam idaṃ vacanam abruvan || 1 ||

bhagavan sarvavarṇānāṃ yathāvad anupūrvaśaḥ | antaraprabhavānāṃ ca dharmān no vaktum arhasi || 2 ||

tvam eko hy asya sarvasya vidhānasya svayambhuvaḥ | acintyasya-aprameyasya kāryatattvārthavit prabho || 3 ||

sa taiḥ pṛṣṭas tathā samyag amita.ojā mahātmabhiḥ | pratyuvāca-arcya tān sarvān maharṣīn-śrūyatām iti || 4 ||

āsīd idam tamobhūtam a.prajñātam a.lakṣaṇam | a.pratarkyam a.vijñeyaṃ prasuptam iva sarvataḥ || 5 ||

tataḥ svayambhūr bhagavān avyakto vyañjayann idam | mahābhūtādi vṛtta.ojāḥ prādur āsīt tamonudaḥ || 6 ||

yo 'sāv atīndriyagrāhyaḥ sūkṣmo 'vyaktaḥ sanātanaḥ | sarvabhūtamayo 'cintyaḥ sa eva svayam udbabhau || 7 ||

so 'bhidhyāya śarīrāt svāt sisṛkṣur vividhāḥ prajāḥ | apa eva sasarja-ādau tāsu vīryam avāsṛjat || 8 ||

tad aṇḍam abhavadd haimaṃ sahasrāṃśusama.prabham | tasmiñ jajñe svayaṃ brahmā sarvalokapitāmahaḥ || 9 ||

āpo narā iti proktā āpo vai narasūnavaḥ | tā yad asyāyanaṃ pūrvaṃ tena nārāyaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ || 10 ||

yat tat kāraṇam avyaktaṃ nityaṃ sad.asad.ātmakaṃ | tad.visṛṣṭaḥ sa puruṣo loke brahmā-iti kīrtyate || 11 ||

tasminn aṇḍe sa bhagavān uṣitvā parivatsaram | svayam evātmano dhyānāt tad aṇḍam akarod dvidhā || 12 ||

tābhyāṃ sa śakalābhyāṃ ca divaṃ bhūmiṃ ca nirmame | madhye vyoma diśaś ca-aṣṭāv apāṃ sthānaṃ ca śāśvataṃ || 13 ||

udbabarha-ātmanaś ca-eva manaḥ sad.asad.ātmakam | manasaś ca-apy ahaṅkāram abhimantāram īśvaram || 14 ||

mahāntam eva ca-ātmānaṃ sarvāṇi tri.guṇāni ca | viṣayāṇāṃ grahītṝṇi śanaiḥ pañca.indriyāṇi ca || 15 ||

teṣāṃ tv avayavān sūkṣmān ṣaṇṇām apy amita.ojasām | sanniveśya-ātmamātrāsu sarvabhūtāni nirmame || 16 ||

yan mūrti.avayavāḥ sūkṣmās tāni-imāny āśrayanti ṣaṭ | tasmāt-śarīram ity āhus tasya mūrtiṃ manīṣiṇaḥ || 17 ||

tad āviśanti bhūtāni mahānti saha karmabhiḥ | manaś ca-avayavaiḥ sūkṣmaiḥ sarvabhūtakṛd avyayam || 18 ||

teṣām idaṃ tu saptānāṃ puruṣāṇāṃ mahā.ojasām | sūkṣmābhyo mūrtimātrābhyaḥ sambhavaty avyayād vyayam || 19 ||

ādyādyasya guṇaṃ tv eṣām avāpnoti paraḥ paraḥ | yo yo yāvatithaś ca-eṣāṃ sa sa tāvad guṇaḥ smṛtaḥ || 20 ||

sarveṣāṃ tu sa nāmāni karmāṇi ca pṛthak pṛthak | vedaśabdebhya eva-ādau pṛthak saṃsthāś ca nirmame || 21 ||

karmātmanāṃ ca devānāṃ so 'sṛjat prāṇināṃ prabhuḥ | sādhyānāṃ ca gaṇaṃ sūkṣmaṃ yajñaṃ ca-eva sanātanam || 22 ||

agni.vāyu.ravibhyas tu trayaṃ brahma sanātanam | dudoha yajñasiddhi.artham ṛc.yajus.sāma.lakṣaṇam || 23 ||

kālaṃ kālavibhaktīś ca nakṣatrāṇi grahāṃs tathā | saritaḥ sāgarān-śailān samāni viṣamāni ca || 24 ||

tapo vācaṃ ratiṃ ca-eva kāmaṃ ca krodham eva ca | sṛṣṭiṃ sasarja ca-eva-imāṃ sraṣṭum icchann imāḥ prajāḥ || 25 ||

karmaṇāṃ ca vivekārthaṃ dharma.adharmau vyavecayat | dvandvair ayojayac ca-imāḥ sukha.duḥkhādibhiḥ prajāḥ || 26 ||

aṇvyo mātrā vināśinyo daśārdhānāṃ tu yāḥ smṛtāḥ | tābhiḥ sārdham idaṃ sarvaṃ sambhavaty anupūrvaśaḥ || 27 ||

yaṃ tu karmaṇi yasmin sa nyayuṅkta prathamaṃ prabhuḥ | sa tad eva svayaṃ bheje sṛjyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ || 28 ||

hiṃsra.ahiṃsre mṛdu.krūre dharma.adharmāv ṛta.an.ṛte | yad yasya so 'dadhāt sarge tat tasya svayam āviśat || 29 ||

yathā-ṛtu.liṅgāny ṛtavaḥ svayam eva-ṛtuparyaye | svāni svāny abhipadyante tathā karmāṇi dehinaḥ || 30 ||

lokānāṃ tu vivṛddhi.arthaṃ mukha.bāhu.ūru.pādataḥ | brāhmaṇaṃ kṣatriyaṃ vaiśyaṃ śūdraṃ ca niravartayat || 31 ||

dvidhā kṛtvā-ātmano deham ardhena puruṣo 'bhavat | ardhena nārī tasyāṃ sa virājam asṛjat prabhuḥ || 32 ||

tapas taptvā-asṛjad yaṃ tu sa svayaṃ puruṣo virāṭ | taṃ māṃ vitta-asya sarvasya sraṣṭāraṃ dvijasattamāḥ || 33 ||

ahaṃ prajāḥ sisṛkṣus tu tapas taptvā su.duścaram | patīn prajānām asṛjaṃ maharṣīn ādito daśa || 34 ||

marīcim atri.aṅgirasau pulastyaṃ pulahaṃ kratum | pracetasaṃ vasiṣṭhaṃ ca bhṛguṃ nāradam eva ca || 35 ||

ete manūṃs tu saptān yān asṛjan bhūritejasaḥ | devān devanikāyāṃś ca maharṣīṃś ca-amita.ojasaḥ || 36 ||

yakṣa.rakṣas.piśācāṃś ca gandharva.apsaraso 'surān | nāgān sarpān suparṇāṃś ca pitṝṇāṃś ca pṛthaggaṇam || 37 ||

vidyuto 'śani.meghāṃś ca rohita.indradhanūṃṣi ca | ulkā.nirghāta.ketūṃś ca jyotīṃṣy uccāvacāni ca || 38 ||

kinnarān vānarān matsyān vividhāṃś ca vihaṅgamān | paśūn mṛgān manuṣyāṃś ca vyālāṃś ca-ubhayatodataḥ || 39 ||

kṛmi.kīṭa.pataṅgāṃś ca yūkā.makṣika.matkuṇam | sarvaṃ ca daṃśa.maśakaṃ sthāvaraṃ ca pṛthagvidham || 40 ||

evam etair idaṃ sarvaṃ mad.niyogān mahātmabhiḥ | yathākarma tapoyogāt sṛṣṭaṃ sthāvara.jaṅgamam || 41 ||

yeṣāṃ tu yādṛṣaṃ karma bhūtānām iha kīrtitam | tat tathā vo 'bhidhāsyāmi kramayogaṃ ca janmani || 42 ||

paśavaś ca mṛgāś ca-eva vyālāś ca-ubhayatodataḥ | rakṣāṃsi ca piśācāś ca manuṣyāś ca jarāyujāḥ || 43 ||

aṇḍājāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ sarpā nakrā matsyāś ca kacchapāḥ | yāni ca-evaṃ.prakārāṇi sthalajāny audakāni ca || 44 ||

svedajaṃ daṃśa.maśakaṃ yūkā.makṣika.matkuṇam | ūṣmaṇaś ca-upajāyante yac ca-anyat kiṃ cid īdṛṣam || 45 ||

udbhijjāḥ sthāvarāḥ sarve bīja.kāṇḍaprarohiṇaḥ | oṣadhyaḥ phalapākāntā bahu.puṣpa.phala.upagāḥ || 46 ||

apuṣpāḥ phalavanto ye te vanaspatayaḥ smṛtāḥ | puṣpiṇaḥ phalinaś ca-eva vṛkṣās tu-ubhayataḥ smṛtāḥ || 47 ||

guccha.gulmaṃ tu vividhaṃ tathā-eva tṛṇajātayaḥ | bīja.kāṇḍaruhāṇy eva pratānā vallya eva ca || 48 ||

tamasā bahu.rūpeṇa veṣṭitāḥ karmahetunā | antaḥ.sañjñā bhavanty ete sukha.duḥkha.samanvitāḥ || 49 ||

etad.antās tu gatayo brahmādyāḥ samudāhṛtāḥ | ghore 'smin bhūtasaṃsāre nityaṃ satatayāyini || 50 ||

evaṃ sarvaṃ sa sṛṣṭvā-idaṃ māṃ ca-acintya.parākramaḥ | ātmany antardadhe bhūyaḥ kālaṃ kālena pīḍayan || 51 ||

yadā sa devo jāgarti tad evaṃ ceṣṭate jagat | yadā svapiti śānta.ātmā tadā sarvaṃ nimīlati || 52 ||

tasmin svapiti tu svasthe karma.ātmānaḥ śarīriṇaḥ | svakarmabhyo nivartante manaś ca glānim ṛcchati || 53 ||

yugapat tu pralīyante yadā tasmin mahātmani | tadā-ayaṃ sarvabhūtātmā sukhaṃ svapiti nirvṛtaḥ || 54 ||

tamo 'yaṃ tu samāśritya ciraṃ tiṣṭhati sa.indriyaḥ | na ca svaṃ kurute karma tadā-utkrāmati mūrtitaḥ || 55 ||

yadā-aṇumātriko bhūtvā bījaṃ sthāsnu cariṣṇu ca | samāviśati saṃsṛṣṭas tadā mūrtiṃ vimuñcati || 56 ||

evaṃ sa jāgrat.svapnābhyām idaṃ sarvaṃ cara.acaram | sañjīvayati ca-ajasraṃ pramāpayati ca-avyayaḥ || 57 ||

idaṃ śāstraṃ tu kṛtvā-asau mām eva svayam āditaḥ | vidhivad grāhayām āsa marīci.ādīṃs tv ahaṃ munīn || 58 ||

etad vo 'yaṃ bhṛguḥ śāstraṃ śrāvayiṣyaty aśesataḥ | etadd hi matto 'dhijage sarvam eṣo 'khilaṃ muniḥ || 59 ||

tatas tathā sa tena-ukto maharṣi.manunā bhṛguḥ | tān abravīd ṛṣīn sarvān prītātmā śrūyatām iti || 60 ||

svāyambhuvasya-asya manoḥ ṣaḍvaṃśyā manavo 'pare | sṛṣṭavantaḥ prajāḥ svāḥ svā mahātmāno mahā.ojasaḥ || 61 ||

svārociṣaś ca-uttamaś ca tāmaso raivatas tathā | cākṣuṣaś ca mahātejā vivasvat.suta eva ca || 62 ||

svāyambhuva.ādyāḥ sapta-ete manavo bhūritejasaḥ | sve sve 'ntare sarvam idam utpādya-āpuś cara.acaram || 63 ||

nimeṣā daśa ca-aṣṭau ca kāṣṭhā triṃśat tu tāḥ kalā | triṃśat kalā muhūrtaḥ syād ahorātraṃ tu tāvataḥ || 64 ||

ahorātre vibhajate sūryo mānuṣa.daivike | rātriḥ svapnāya bhūtānāṃ ceṣṭāyai karmaṇām ahaḥ || 65 ||

pitrye rātri.ahanī māsaḥ pravibhāgas tu pakṣayoḥ | karma.ceṣṭāsv ahaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ śuklaḥ svapnāya śarvarī || 66 ||

daive rātri.ahanī varṣaṃ pravibhāgas tayoḥ punaḥ | ahas tatra-udagayanaṃ rātriḥ syād dakṣiṇāyanam || 67 ||

brāhmasya tu kṣapāhasya yat pramāṇaṃ samāsataḥ | ekaikaśo yugānāṃ tu kramaśas tan nibodhata || 68 ||

catvāry āhuḥ sahasrāṇi varsāṇāṃ tat kṛtaṃ yugam | tasya tāvat-śatī sandhyā sandhyāṃśaś ca tathāvidhaḥ || 69 ||

itareṣu sa.sandhyeṣu sa.sandhyāṃśeṣu ca triṣu | ekāpāyena vartante sahasrāṇi śatāni ca || 70 ||

yad etat parisaṅkhyātam ādāv eva caturyugam | etad dvādaśasāhasraṃ devānāṃ yugam ucyate || 71 ||

daivikānāṃ yugānāṃ tu sahasraṃ parisaṅkhyayā | brāhmam ekam ahar jñeyaṃ tāvatīṃ rātrim eva ca || 72 ||

tad vai yugasahasrāntaṃ brāhmaṃ puṇyam ahar viduḥ | rātriṃ ca tāvatīm eva te 'horātravido janāḥ || 73 ||

tasya so 'har.niśasya-ante prasuptaḥ pratibudhyate | pratibuddhaś ca sṛjati manaḥ sad.asad.ātmakam || 74 ||

manaḥ sṛṣṭiṃ vikurute codyamānaṃ sisṛkṣayā | ākāśaṃ jāyate tasmāt tasya śabdaṃ guṇaṃ viduḥ || 75 ||

ākāśāt tu vikurvāṇāt sarvagandhavahaḥ śuciḥ | balavāñ jāyate vāyuḥ sa vai sparśa.guṇo mataḥ || 76 ||

vāyor api vikurvāṇād virociṣṇu tamonudam | jyotir utpadyate bhāsvat tad rūpa.guṇam ucyate || 77 ||

jyotiṣaś ca vikurvāṇād āpo rasa.guṇāḥ smṛtāḥ | adbhyo gandha.guṇā bhūmir ity eṣā sṛṣṭir āditaḥ || 78 ||

yad prāg dvādaśasāhasram uditaṃ daivikaṃ yugam | tad ekasaptati.guṇaṃ manvantaram iha-ucyate || 79 ||

manvantarāṇy asaṅkhyāni sargaḥ saṃhāra eva ca | krīḍann iva-etat kurute parameṣṭhī punaḥ punaḥ || 80 ||

catuṣpāt sakalo dharmaḥ satyaṃ ca-eva kṛte yuge | na-adharmeṇa-āgamaḥ kaś cin manuṣyān prati vartate || 81 ||

itareṣv āgamād dharmaḥ pādaśas tv avaropitaḥ | caurika.anṛta.māyābhir dharmaś ca-apaiti pādaśaḥ || 82 ||

a.rogāḥ sarvasiddhārthāś caturvarṣaśata.āyuṣaḥ | kṛte tretādiṣu hy eṣāṃ āyur hrasati pādaśaḥ || 83 ||

veda.uktam āyur martyānām āśiṣaś ca-eva karmaṇām | phalanty anuyugaṃ loke prabhāvaś ca śarīriṇām || 84 ||

anye kṛtayuge dharmās tretāyāṃ dvāpare 'pare | anye kaliyuge nṝṇāṃ yugahrāsānurūpataḥ || 85 ||

tapaḥ paraṃ kṛtayuge tretāyāṃ jñānam ucyate | dvāpare yajñam evāhur dānam ekaṃ kalau yuge || 86 ||

sarvasya-asya tu sargasya gupti.arthaṃ sa mahā.dyutiḥ | mukha.bāhu.ūru.pajjānāṃ pṛthakkarmāṇy akalpayat || 87 ||

adhyāpanam adhyayanaṃ yajanaṃ yājanaṃ tathā | dānaṃ pratigrahaṃ ca-eva brāhmaṇānām akalpayat || 88 ||

prajānāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ dānam ijyā.adhyayanam eva ca | viṣayeṣv a.prasaktiś ca kṣatriyasya samāsataḥ || 89 ||

paśūnāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ dānam ijyā.adhyayanam eva ca | vaṇikpathaṃ kusīdaṃ ca vaiśyasya kṛṣim eva ca || 90 ||

ekam eva tu śūdrasya prabhuḥ karma samādiśat | eteṣām eva varṇānāṃ śuśrūṣām anasūyayā || 91 ||

ūrdhvaṃ nābher medhyataraḥ puruṣaḥ parikīrtitaḥ | tasmān medhyatamaṃ tv asya mukham uktaṃ svayambhuvā || 92 ||

uttamāṅga.udbhavāj jyeṣṭhyād brahmaṇaś ca-eva dhāraṇāt | sarvasya-eva-asya sargasya dharmato brāhmaṇaḥ prabhuḥ || 93 ||

taṃ hi svayambhūḥ svād āsyāt tapas taptvā-ādito 'sṛjat | havya.kavyābhivāhyāya sarvasya-asya ca guptaye || 94 ||

yasya-āsyena sadā-aśnanti havyāni tridiva.okasaḥ | kavyāni ca-eva pitaraḥ kiṃ bhūtam adhikaṃ tataḥ || 95 ||

bhūtānāṃ prāṇinaḥ śreṣṭhāḥ prāṇināṃ buddhijīvinaḥ | buddhimatsu narāḥ śreṣṭhā nareṣu brāhmaṇāḥ smṛtāḥ || 96 ||

brāhmaṇeṣu ca vidvāṃso vidvatsu kṛta.buddhayaḥ | kṛta.buddhiṣu kartāraḥ kartṛṣu brahmavedinaḥ || 97 ||

utpattir eva viprasya mūrtir dharmasya śāśvatī | sa hi dharmārtham utpanno brahmabhūyāya kalpate || 98 ||

brāhmaṇo jāyamāno hi pṛthivyām adhijāyate | īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ dharmakośasya guptaye || 99 ||

sarvaṃ svaṃ brāhmaṇasya-idaṃ yat kiṃ cit-jagatīgataṃ | śraiṣṭhyena-abhijanena-idaṃ sarvaṃ vai brāhmaṇo 'rhati || 100 ||

svam eva brāhmaṇo bhuṅkte svaṃ vaste svaṃ dadāti ca | ānṛśaṃsyād brāhmaṇasya bhuñjate hi-itare janāḥ || 101 ||

tasya karmaviveka.arthaṃ śeṣāṇām anupūrvaśaḥ | svāyambhuvo manur dhīmān idaṃ śāstram akalpayat || 102 ||

viduṣā brāhmaṇena-idam adhyetavyaṃ prayatnataḥ | śiśyebhyaś ca pravaktavyaṃ samyaṅ na-anyena kena cit || 103 ||

idaṃ śāstram adhīyāno brāhmaṇaḥ śaṃsita.vrataḥ | manas.vāc.dehajair nityaṃ karmadoṣair na lipyate || 104 ||

punāti paṅktiṃ vaṃśyāṃś ca sapta.sapta para.avarān | pṛthivīm api ca-eva-imāṃ kṛtsnām eko 'pi so 'rhati || 105 ||

idaṃ svastyayanaṃ śreṣṭham idaṃ buddhivivardhanam | idaṃ yaśasyam āyuṣyam idaṃ niḥśreyasaṃ param || 106 ||

asmin dharmo 'khilena-ukto guṇa.doṣau ca karmaṇām | caturṇām api varṇānām ācāraś ca-eva śāśvataḥ || 107 ||

ācāraḥ paramo dharmaḥ śruti.uktaḥ smārta eva ca | tasmād asmin sadā yukto nityaṃ syād ātmavān dvijaḥ || 108 ||

ācārād vicyuto vipro na vedaphalam aśnute | ācāreṇa tu saṃyuktaḥ sampūrṇaphalabhāj bhavet || 109 ||

evam ācārato dṛṣṭvā dharmasya munayo gatiṃ | sarvasya tapaso mūlam ācāraṃ jagṛhuḥ param || 110 ||

jagataś ca samutpattiṃ saṃskāravidhim eva ca | vratacaryā.upacāraṃ ca snānasya ca paraṃ vidhim || 111 ||

dārādhigamanaṃ ca-eva vivāhānāṃ ca lakṣaṇam | mahāyajñavidhānaṃ ca śrāddhakalpaṃ ca śāśvatam || 112 ||

vṛttīnāṃ lakṣaṇaṃ ca-eva snātakasya vratāni ca | bhakṣya.abhakṣyaṃ ca śaucaṃ ca dravyāṇāṃ śuddhim eva ca || 113 ||

strīdharma.yogaṃ tāpasyaṃ mokṣaṃ sannyāsam eva ca | rājñaś ca dharmam akhilaṃ kāryāṇāṃ ca vinirṇayam || 114 ||

sākṣipraśna.vidhānaṃ ca dharmaṃ strī.puṃsayor api | vibhāgadharmaṃ dyūtaṃ ca kaṇṭakānāṃ ca śodhanam || 115 ||

vaiśya.śūdra.upacāraṃ ca saṅkīrṇānāṃ ca sambhavam | āpad.dharmaṃ ca varṇānāṃ prāyaścitta.vidhiṃ tathā || 116 ||

saṃsāragamanaṃ ca-eva trividhaṃ karma.sambhavam | niḥśreyasaṃ karmaṇāṃ ca guṇa.doṣaparīkṣaṇam || 117 ||

deśadharmān-jātidharmān kuladharmāṃś ca śāśvatān | pāṣaṇḍa.gaṇadharmāṃś ca śāstre 'sminn uktavān manuḥ || 118 ||

yathā-idam uktavān-śāstraṃ purā pṛṣṭo manur mayā | tathā-idaṃ yūyam apy adya mat.sakāśāt-nibodhata || 119 ||